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Serve Pre-Delivery: Study Baseball Pitchers
David W. Smith, Senior Editor TennisOne
Tennis educators for years have associated a baseball pitcher’s overhand pitching motion as a movement similar to the arm movements associated with a tennis serve. With a few exceptions, this analogy or comparison is valid and can be very helpful to many players.
Yet, there is another analogy related to pitching that tennis players can use to improve their serve delivery: the pre-delivery ritual and distinctive pause that tennis players of all abilities can incorporate to improve their serve percentage and consistency.
The "Set"
Baseball pitchers go through a pre-pitch routine, a set of rituals that are almost always the same and have a distinct purpose or pattern. A similar set of rituals can be seen by professional golfers, bowlers, and yes, professional tennis players.
Click photo: There is another analogy related to pitching that tennis players can use to improve their serve delivery: the pre-delivery ritual. |
After any set of these rituals, professionals almost always address their opponent, (be it the pins in bowling, the ball in golf, or the court/opponent in tennis), and pause for a definite and formal moment. This pattern was first researched by Dr. Jim Leohr in a program he called the “Sixteen Second Formula.” Dr. Leohr researched the “between point” time spent by champions and top players.
While all these players had personal and individual routines or rituals, they all had commonalities that could be identified. On the other hand, after observing various levels of players who were not as skilled or who seemed to lose often, he noticed they often lacked many of these commonalities seen among those more successful.
Getting back to our baseball pitcher analogy; imagine a pitcher on the mound with a runner on first base. The rituals could include walking around the mound, rubbing the baseball between the palms, picking up the rosin bag, adjusting his cap, or any number of other idiosyncrasies. After these rituals, the pitcher then addresses the batter while standing on the mound, gets his sign from his catcher, and gets into a “Set” position where he will check the runner, pause, and then go into his motion.
As a tennis instructor for many years, one of the things I see that intermediate tennis players often fail at is creating a similar pattern before serving. Most all skilled tennis players emulate a pattern of rituals like our pitching scenario, all leading up to the moment they pause at the baseline in a “Set” position. Many recreational and club players simply walk up to the baseline, call the score out, look at their opponents for a moment then serve.
Purpose of the “Set”
Like “checking the runners” as a pitcher in baseball will do (and even when there are no runners on base, the pitcher always comes to this set position before pitching), tennis players should pause and look up at their opponent and at the target area. During this moment, several important things should be understood:
- The pause should be used to "visualize" the serve; clearly picture the type of serve you want to hit, (slice, kick, flat, etc.), and, picture the path you want the serve to take, (picture a yellow dotted line from your contact point of the serve curving into the court to the target area in the service box).
- The pause should allow you to balance your breathing and establish clear, positive body language that sends a message to your opponent: “I will win this point.”
- Finally, the pause should allow you to focus your intention on the upcoming serve…Not on past points won or lost, or past shots hit well or poorly.
Click photo: Novak Djokovic's service ritual can include up to 15 to 20 ball bounces. |
Get into the habit of establishing a more distinct serve pattern that includes regular rituals and establishing a “Set” moment. By doing this, you just may develop a more repeatable, reliable serve with intention. This, in turn, creates better aim since you are starting from a more stable foundation.
This is one of the many elements the average tennis player can incorporate into his or her game. It doesn’t require any special coordination, athleticism, or timing; it doesn’t require learning any new swing path, grip, or footwork pattern. And, it has nothing to do with your opponent, but it has everything to do with you. So work on it, develop a habit of this “Set” pattern, and enjoy a higher level of serving as a result.
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